The galvanometer is an excellent vector scanning device, which is a special swing motor. The basic principle is that the energized coil generates torque in the magnetic field, causing its rotor to swing. However, unlike a rotating motor, the rotor cannot rotate like an ordinary motor by controlling the direction of the current, but can only deflect. The deflection angle is proportional to the current, just like an ammeter, so the galvanometer is also called a galvanometer scanning galvanometer (galvanomet ric scanner). The professional term for scanning galvanometers is high-speed scanning galvanometers Galvo scanning system. The so-called galvanometer can also be called an ammeter. Its design concept completely follows the design method of the ammeter. The lens replaces the needle, and the probe signal is replaced by a computer-controlled -5V-5V or -10V-+10V DC signal to complete the predetermined action. Similar to the rotating mirror scanning system, this typical control system uses a pair of folding mirrors. The difference is that the stepper motor driving this set of lenses is replaced by a servo motor. In this control system, the use of position sensors and the design of negative feedback loops further ensure the accuracy of the system, and the scanning speed and repeatability of the entire system reach a new level.

The galvanometer can deflect the laser beam in the X and Y directions. This will generate a two-dimensional plane area, and the laser beam can be focused to any position on this two-dimensional plane. This two-dimensional plane area is the marking range. The laser beam deflection is achieved by two lenses, each of which is directly driven by a galvanometer motor. The scanning head has a light inlet and a light outlet. The laser beam enters the scanning head from the light inlet, deflects in the scanning head, and is emitted from the light outlet.

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